Definition
What is an economic growth?
Increase in a country's productive capacity, as measured by
comparing gross national product (GNP) in a year with the GNP in the previous
year.
Increase in the capital stock, advances in technology, and
improvement in the quality and level of literacy are considered to be the
principal causes of economic growth. In recent years, the idea of sustainable
development has brought in additional factors such as environmentally sound
processes that must be taken into account in growing an economy.
Economic growth is an increase in the amount of goods and
services produced per head of the population over a period of time.
Economic
growth is the increase in
the inflation-adjusted market value of the goods and services produced by an economy over time. It is conventionally measured as the percent
rate of increase in real gross domestic product, or real GDP…
The economic growth of a country is the
increase in the market value of the goods and services produced by an economy
over time. We define ...
What
is 'Economic Growth' - Economic growth is an increase in
the capacity of an economy to produce goods and services, compared from one period
of time to another. It can be measured in nominal or real terms, the latter of
which is adjusted for inflation…
Read more…
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Tokyo: Malaysia and SoftBank Group Corp, one of the leading investors in cutting edge technology companies in the world...
Tokyo: Malaysia and Soft
Definition of economic growth: Increase in a country's productive capacity, as measured bycomparing gross national product (GNP) in a year with ... Increase in the capital stock, advancesin technology, and improvement in the quality and level of literacy ... In recent years, the idea ofsustainable development has brought
in ...
Increase in the capital stock, advances in technology, and improvement in the quality and level ofliteracy are considered to be the principal cause of economic growth. ... economic growth ismeasured by the Gross National Product (GNP) and the
... year) and measure the level and direction of a country's economic activity.
An increase in the capacity of an economy to produce goods
and services, ... Economic growth can be measured in nominal terms, which include inflation, or in real ...
For comparing one country's economic growth to another, GDP or GNP per
... A growing or more productive economy can make more goods and provide ...
Economic Growth is an increase in a country's real level of national output which can ... capacity, asmeasured by comparing gross national product (GNP) in
a year with the ... Increase in the capital stock, advances in technology, and improvement in the ... In recent
years, the idea of sustainabledevelopment has brought in ...
View Notes - Research 1 from ECON 101 at A.T. Still University.
... capacity , as measured bycomparing gross national product (GNP) in
a year ... It is an increase in the capital stock ,advances in technology , and improvement in the quality and level of literacy are considered to be the principal causes of economic growth.
Key words: ICTs, Economic Growth, Poverty Reduction Strategy
.... capacity, asmeasured by comparing gross national product (GNP) in a
... Increase in the capital stock,advances in technology, and ... are considered to be the principal causes of economic growth. Inrecent years, the idea of sustainable.
Economic growth and redistribution policies led to a significant ... The country's reliance on the hydrocarbon
sector has sharply increased (oil ... a fiscal deficit estimated at 20 percent of GDP at the end of 2015, and ... by
widespread distortions and uncertainty, causing the capital stock to shrink. ...Last Updated: May 02, 2017.
Despite improvements in life expectancy, incomes,
and literacy since 2001, ... In 2016 Afghanistan'sgrowth rate was only marginally above that
of 2014 and 2015. ... Inward FDI has increasedsignificantly in recent
years as the government has ....
The economy bottomed out that year, with realGDP 18%
smaller than in 1998 ...
This article sets forth the
complementary need for new measures. ... The deficiencies ofGDP as a measure are welldocumented by leading ... to reflect real, sustainable
economic welfare, social development and human wellbeing. ...
efforts are constantly being made to improve their power and precision.
country's economic progress has been changes in its Gross Domestic Prod- ...
formation (the increasein value of a nation's total stock of monetized capital goods). ... The Gross
National Product (GNP) is another frequently
mentioned measure of .... However, over the last 70 years economic growth—measured by GDP—has.
Shifting
Tides:
At
the National People’s Congress in Beijing in March 2015,
China’s Premier Li Keqiang announced a growth target of 7 percent,
acknowledging that “deep-seated problems in the country’s economy are becoming
more obvious.”1Three months later and thousands of
miles away in Washington, the World Bank lowered its growth forecasts across
the board and asked the US Federal Reserve Bank to delay any contemplated rate
hikes. The World Bank’s chief economist said that it had “just switched on the
seat belt sign. We are advising nations, especially emerging economies, to
fasten their seat belts.”2So it’s going to be a bumpy ride? How
bumpy? And for how long?
Day-to-day developments in the world economy have become increasingly
complex and global in their implications. Economic shocks, from Greece to China
to Russia, are now of greater concern because around the world, traditional
policy tools have already been used and financial resources depleted to help
economies recover from the last downturn. Strategic decisions have become
correspondingly more consequential. Shocks are inevitable, but strategists must
find ways to extract the signals from the noise to understand what’s over the
horizon.
Three interlinked factors have the potential to shift the global
economy from one long-term outcome to another: aggregate demand, structural
challenges, and diverging growth patterns. First, in the near term, the major
economies continue to struggle to achieve self-sustaining growth in aggregate
demand. This continues despite years of monetary and fiscal stimulus, as well
as the recent drop in oil prices. Second, the world’s major economies face
long-term structural challenges, including rising debt loads, aging
populations, and inadequate or aging infrastructure. Success or failure in
resolving these structural challenges will determine the speed of long-term
growth in these economies. Third, the world’s major economies have increasingly
diverged in the last few years. In the past, global integration has driven
convergence. The prospects for further integration have become less certain.
The global financial shock was followed by years of weak growth and concerns
over rising inequality. The path to renewed and stronger growth remains elusive…read
more>>
Bicara Ekonomi/Ekonomi Malaysia
Dr Zulkipiy Omar
Felo Penyelicfik Kanan Institut Penyelidikan Ekonomi Malaysia (MIER)
Eksport kasar dan import Malaysia tumbuh dengan pantas
untuk sembilan bulan pertama 2017.
Ekonomi Malaysia untuk
tiga suku pertama tahun ini tumbuh dengan lebih pantas di luar jangkaan.
Keluaran dalam negara kasar (KDNK) tumbuh
dengan kadar tahunan 5.6 peratus, 5.8 peratus dan 6.2 peratus masing-masing
untuk suku pertama, kedua dan ketiga.
Sehubungan dengan itu, MIER buat kali
kedua menyemak unjuran pertumbuhan ekonomi untuk tahun ini sebanyak dua mata
peratusan, dari 5.4 peratus kepada 5.6 peratus.
Sebelum ini pada Oktober lalu, MIER
menaikkan unjuran pertumbuhan ekonomi untuk 2017 dari 4.8 peratus kepada 5.4
peratus berdasarkan prestasi suku pertama dan suku kedua.
Pertumbuhan di luar jangkaan oleh
permintaan global yang tumbuh dengan sihat.
Keadaan ini antara lain disumbangkan
oleh pertumbuhan yang lebih baik dari jangkaan untuk kebanyakan ekonomi utama
dunia.
Ekonomi Amerika Syarikat (AS), Jepun dan
kawasan euro tumbuh dengan lebih baik dari jangkaan awal, disokong oleh dasar
fiskal dan kewangan yang efektif.
Dalam pada itu ekonomi China walaupun
tumbuh lebih perlahan, ia tidak terlalu perlahan ber- banding jangkaan awal.
Ekonomi besar lain juga turut mencatatkan
pertumbuhan yang lebih baik, termasuk Russia, Brazil, Turki dan India.
Pertumbuhan yang sihat dalam kalangan
ekonomi utama dunia mempengaruhi perdagangan global. Ini disebabkan oleh
peningkatan permintaan domestik oleh ekonomi utama berkenaan.
Sekali gus, jumlah dagangan dunia
menunjukkan peningkatan. Tabung Mata Wang Antarabangsa (IMF) menyemak semula
unjuran pertumbuhan jumlah dagangan dunia untuk tahun ini dari jangkaan awal
sebanyak 4.0 peratus kepada 4.2 peratus setahun.
Peningkatan jumlah dagangan dunia turut
memberi impak terhadap ekonomi Malaysia. Malaysia adalah antara negara dagangan
utama di dunia.
Pada 2016, Malaysia adalah negara
pengeksport barangan ke-24 terbesar di dunia. Pada tahun yang sama Malaysia
adalah negara pengimport ke-26 terbesar dunia.
Dari segi bahagian pasaran, Malaysia
menyumbangkan 1.2 peratus kepada eksport barangan dunia dan 1.0 peratus
import barangan dunia pada tahun lalu.
Selari dengan trend peningkatan jumlah
dagangan dunia, pertumbuhan eksport dan import negara menunjukkan pertumbuhan
dua angka sepanjang tahun ini.
Untuk sembilan bulan pertama 2017, eksport
kasar Malaysia tumbuh pada kadar 21.6 peratus. Manakala, import kasar juga
tumbuh dengan pantas pada kadar 22.4 peratus.
Import lebih pantas
Namun begitu, pertumbuhan import yang
lebih pantas dari pertumbuhan eksport dijangka akan mengecilkan lebihan akaun
semasa di dalam imbangan bayaran negara pada masa terdekat.
Peningkatan aktiviti dagangan turut memberi kesan positif terhadap nilai ringgit. Permintaan terhadap
eksport secara langsung akan meningkatkan permintaan untuk ringgit kerana untuk
keperluan membuat bayaran.
Sejak Januari lalu sehingga ke minggu
pertama November, ringgit meningkat sebanyak 7.1 peratus berbanding dengan
dolar AS, antara mata wang yang mempunyai prestasi terbaik.
Namun
demikian, nilai ringgit juga
dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain, termasuk pertumbuhan ekonomi yang
memberangsangkan serta sentimen yang lebih positif terhadap keadaan ekonomi dan politik negara.
Walaupun permintaan antarabangsa memberi
sumbangan secara langsung yang kecil terhadap KDNK negara, peningkatan permintaan
antarabangsa mempengaruhi aktiviti ekonomi domestik.
Peningkatan eksport dan import barangan
mempengaruhi aktiviti pengeluaran. Ini seterusnya akan memberi kesan positif
terhadap permintaan domestik melalui peningkatan peluang pekerjaan serta
peningkatan jumlah pendapatan swasta.
Sumbangan langsung yang kecil dari
permintaan antarabangsa terhadap KDNK disebabkan oleh kebanyakan barangan yang
dieksport mempunyai nilai ditambah yang kecil.
Ini khususnya untuk barangan yang
membabitkan nilai rantaian global. Barangan seperti ini bergantung kepada
import barangan perantaraan separa siap yang seterusnya diproses menjadi barangan
siap untuk dieksport.
Sumbangan langsung yang kecil dari
permintaan antarabangsa untuk KDNK boleh dilihat dari segi peratusan mata
sumbangan kepada kadar pertumbuhan.
Umpamanya pada 2016, 3.9 mata peratusan
daripada 4.2 peratus kadar pertumbuhan KDNK disumbangkan oleh permintaan domestik
manakala sumbangan dari permintaan antarabangsa adalah kecil, iaitu kurang dari
0.5 mata peratusan.
Di dalam menikmati pertumbuhan ekonomi
yang baik, beberapa perkara berkaitan dengan keadaan makroekonomi juga perlu
diberi perhatian yang sewajarnya.
Perlu diingat, pertumbuhan ekonomi negara
rata-ratanya dipacu oleh permintaan domestik, terutama penggimaan swasta.
MIER mengunjurkan penggunaan swasta pada
tahun ini akan tumbuh pada kadar 6.2 peratus. Kadar pertumbuhan ini adalah lebih
pantas berbanding dengan pertumbuhan pelaburan.
Penggunaan swasta tumbuh dengan pantas
kerana peningkatan peluang pekeijaan, di samping peningkatan pendapatan boleh
guna yang disumbangkan oleh pemberian kerajaan terutama dalam kalangan
golongan B40.
Pertumbuhan penggunaan swasta yang pantas
mempunyai kesan sampingan yang perlu diberi perhatian. Pertama, peningkatan
hutang isi rumah terhasil dari perbelanjaan yang membabitkan kredit.
Impak peningkatan isi rumah
Peningkatan isi rumah yang tidak terkawal
bukan sahaja memberi impak kepada penggunaan masa hadapan, malah mempunyai kesan
psikologi yarig negatif.
Oleh yang demikian, pendapatan isi rumah
perlu dipertingkatkan dengan lebih pesat seelok- eloknya melebihi peningkatan
perbelanjaan isi rumah.
Ini mampu dicapai dengan melipatgandakan
pertumbuhan produktiviti.
Kedua, pertumbuhan permintaan yang pantas
akan menyumbangkan kepada inflasi. Pada masa yang sama, peningkatan harga
minyak sejak kebelakangan ini juga turut menyumbangkan kepada inflasi tolakan
kos.
Jadi berkemungkinan kadar inflasi akan
meningkat dengan lebih tinggi tanpa pengurusan yang sewajamya. Selari dengan
itu, Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) dijangka akan menaikkan kadar faedah untuk
memperlahankan permintaan domestik.
Justeru, kos pinjaman dijangka akan
meningkat. Ini seterusnya memberi kesan kepada pengguna, di samping aktiviti
pelaburan juga akan menjadi lebih perlahan.
Projek Forest
City
Projek mega pulau buatan tarik pelabur asing
Oleh Nurhayati Abllah
Matlamat pembangunan
projek mega di atas pulau buatan itu adalah untuk menjadikannya sebuah
destinasi pelaburan baharu bertaraf antarabangsa'
Md Othman Yusof,
Pengarah Eksekutif Country Garden
Pacificview
Pengarah Eksekutif Country Garden
Pacificview (CGPV) Sdn Bhd, Datuk Md Othman Yusof, berkata matlamat pembangunan
projek mega di atas pulau buatan itu adalah untuk menjadikannya sebuah
destinasi pelaburan baharu bertaraf antarabangsa.
“Apabila ia bertaraf antarabangsa, kami
berusaha untuk menarik sebanyak mungkin pelabur luar untuk melabur di sini.
Jadi, tidak timbul sama sekali soal menjual negara
kepada China seperti yang
didakwasesetengahpihak sebelum ini.
“Memang majoriti (pelabur) China yang
membuat pelaburan di sini iaitu menerusi pembelian hartanah dan sebagainya,
tetapi ia tidak melambangkan menjual negara.
Peluang pelaburan
“Selain China, kita juga ada menerima
pelabur dari negara lain seperti Bangladesh serta Filipina dan kami sentiasa
membuka peluang pelaburan dari mana-mana negara,” katanya dalam satu temu bual
bersama BH, NST dan TV3, di Johor Bahru, baru-baru ini.
Beliau berkata, pembangunan Forest City
menyediakan lebih banyak peluang dan manfaat yang bukan hanya kepada rakyat
serta ekonomi Johor, malah pada masa sama kepada pertumbuhan ekonomi Malaysia.
“Forest City adalah satu pembangunan
berterusan yang mengambil tempoh masa 20 hingga 30 tahun. Ia bakal menjanjikan pulangan pendapatan yang lebih pada masa depan.
“Apabila kita bercakap mengenai pulangan
pendapatan yang besar, ia akan pergi (disalurkan) kepada infrastruktur
seperti keperluan pendidikan, hospital dan sebagainya yang mana ia akan
berbalik semula (bermanfaat) kepada rakyat,” katanya.
Tegasnya, CGPV juga secara konsisten
memasarkan Forest City ke peringkat global dan ia dilakukan menerusi pembukaan
beberapa pejabatnya dan galeri di luar negara.
Pasaran global
“Kami serius mengenai pasaran ke
peringkat global kerana tidak boleh hanya menyasarkan semata-mata kepada China
tetapi perlu meninjau peluang lain yang berpotensi.
“Dalam sesebuah perniagaan, kita tidak
boleh boleh hanya memfokuskan kepada satu pasaran sebaliknya diperluaskan untuk
terus kekal berdaya saing,” katanya.
Setakat ini katanya,
selain di China, CGPV turut membuka galeri di negara lain termasuk Jepun, Vietnam
dan Emiriah Arab Bersatu (UAE).
Md Othman berkata, apa yang dibangunkan di
Forest City sekarang ini adalah melangkaui daripada jangkaan dan dianggap
berjaya mencapai matlamat.
“Dengan tarikan Forest City, secara
keseluruhan kami berjaya menarik kira-kira 160,000 pelancong dari seluruh
dunia tahun lalu dan secara purata setiap seorang membelanjakan antara RM3,000
hingga RM5,000.
“Malah menerusi penjualan unit kediaman,
sejumlah 20,000 unit sudah dijual dalam tempoh hampir dua tahun, iaitu pada
2016 dan tahun ini,” katanya.
POST GE14
StarBiz/17 May 2018
By Daneil Khoo.
Foreigners have been selling since
the GE
Investors
seem to be divided over the outlook for the market in the immediate term, with
foreigners “playing it safe” and having mostly been net sellers post-election,
while locals have stepped up to be net buyers on Bursa Malaysia.
The refreshed political environment after the 14th General Election
(GE14) is reflected in the action being seen in the stock market over the past
few days, according to observers.
“What we have seen from market
data is that foreigners have been selling some RM800mil worth of shares on
Bursa on Tuesday following a round of selling on Monday when the markets
reopened,” Pong Teng Siew, Interpacific Research’s head of research, told StarBiz.
“However, in the midst of the selling by the foreigners, we are seeing
locals filling up the gap and being net buyers on Bursa as they believe that
the future of the country has immediately brightened following the installation
of the Pakatan Harapan government.
“I think we are seeing some kind of tug-of-war in terms of sentiment happening
here,” he added.
The FBM KLCI, which comprises 30 large-capitalised stocks, continued to
stride upwards, gaining 0.54% or 10.06 points to 1,858.26 yesterday.
The broader market was more mixed with 492 gainers and 486 losers, 368
counters remaining unchanged and 535 counters untraded.
Some three billion shares worth RM2.91bil changed hands.
Stocks that attracted attention were MyEG Services Bhd and George Kent (M) Bhd after
Bursa froze the lower limit price for these stocks after they hit limit down
for two consecutive days.
The
regulator said in an announcement that the lower limit price for MyEG was
RM1.27 and George Kent, RM1.94.
While local investors and the institutions were
still enjoying the feel-good sentiment since May 9, the same can’t be said of
the foreigners who had expected the status quo in terms of the outcome of GE14.
“Local investors are very optimistic on
the possible reforms that would come about with Pakatan. They are buying big
time and so the market is able to climb.
“For
example, on Tuesday, the market was positive for most of the day. Only at the
end of the day did foreigners decide to sell.
“The
foreigners allowed the locals to exhaust their buying action until near market
close,” Pong said.
The
good sentiment continued when Datuk Seri Anwar Ibrahim was pardoned and
released from prison followed by an announcement by the Finance Ministry that
the goods and services tax (GST) would be zero-rated from June 1.
Earlier reports had quoted former Bank
Negara governor and member of the Council of Eminent Persons Tan Sri Dr Zeti
Akhtar Aziz as saying that a strategy would be formulated within 100 days to
remove the GST.
Analysts
and observers were also expecting more details from the governemnt on improving
the country’s overall fiscal position in the absence of the GST.
“The
statement by Zeti helps assuage some of the fears that the foreigners have as
they would like to know how the budget gaps would be filled.
“A
hundred days can be a long time for the stock market and key ministers
including the Finance Minister have not yet been formally installed,” Pong
said.
“The
reason behind the apprehension by foreigners is mainly due to the promise to
remove the GST and pare down spending on mega projects.
“Overall,
it is good for the economy to reduce the country’s indebtedness and borrowings,
but foreigners are probably thinking that it would affect the country’s growth
prospects.
“They
bought into the market earlier for the country’s growth story,” he added.
Other
observers said that the growth story appeared to be mostly funded by debt,
which would entail interest payments.
Pong noted that foreign investors
wanted more clarity on how gaps in the country’s budget would be filled.
He
also said that repairs on the country’s finances could take time.
“We
can’t say how big or difficult it would be, but there are indications that a
lot of work would be involved and the damage to the country’s finances by the
previous administration is extensive.
Thus,
repairing the finances of the country would take time,” Pong said.
“I
believe the market would laud measures that would give the country the most
bang for our buck. So, we need to find new revenue sources.
“It’s still early days but in the
meantime, bond markets have also weakened somewhat and the Malaysian bond
yields have climbed.
The new government needs to take wise
measured moves as quickly as it can to instil confidence among investors,” he
said.
